Geneticists are employed by a variety of industries, including government, law enforcement, agriculture, and the medical industry. Genetic counselors, medical geneticists, and lab geneticists hold the most prevalent positions for geneticists. Being a geneticist gives you the chance to treat patients or find new treatments for illnesses, which is one of the main benefits. In this post, we go over what a geneticist is and does, the educational requirements for becoming one, how to do so, as well as the knowledge, prospects for employment, and pay that geneticist can expect to earn.
Who is a geneticist?
A geneticist researches the interactions, evolution, and duplication of genes in people, animals, and plants. They emphasize how qualities are passed down over generations and how they are inherited genetically. To treat or identify genetic illnesses, they examine the information and findings from genetic laboratory tests. Because they deal in a highly sophisticated and constantly evolving field of science, geneticists must keep up with the most recent discoveries and research. Although geneticists have a larger emphasis on clinical applications, chemists, biologists, and geneticists frequently collaborate since their areas are comparable in many ways.
What is the work of a geneticist?
In a laboratory setting, geneticists investigate genetic material utilizing DNA scanners, microscopes, and other cutting-edge tools for gene therapy and gene manipulation. They utilize computers with specialized software to examine enormous amounts of data.
- The following are some of the roles and duties of geneticists:
- Directing a team and evaluating their performance
- Studying how chemicals impact tissues and processes
- Composing technical reports, recommendations, and research papers
- Composing grant proposals and obtaining funding
- Utilizing basic and applied research to plan and carry out complicated tasks
- Taking molecules and synthesizing, studying, and isolating them
- Conference attendance, literature, and research review
- Giving their research to other engineers, scientists, and colleagues
What are the educational requirements for geneticists?
There are two possible career routes for geneticists: researcher and physician. They usually need a doctorate in philosophy or medicine for either career route. With a master’s degree, you can work as a geneticist in some cases. Medically trained geneticists are doctors who typically treat patients, though they can also do research using their training in medicine. Ph.D.-educated geneticists often do genetic research and diagnostic testing in laboratories.
A geneticist often completes many years of specialist genetic training through a postgraduate program, focusing on either a lab-based study or a study with a medical focus, depending on whether they choose to pursue research in laboratories or medicine. A geneticist might be a generalist with a broad education or focus on a specific area of genetics.
The Steps to Becoming a Geneticist
The steps to becoming a geneticist are as follows:
1. Obtain a bachelor’s degree
An undergraduate degree in chemistry, biology, or genetics is the prerequisite for becoming a geneticist. Science courses including horticulture, biochemistry, microbiology, genetics, botany, zoology, and molecular chemistry, as well as general education courses like history, English, and arithmetic, make up the bulk of the typical course load. You can seek out internships or part-time positions in laboratories to begin gaining experience while enrolled in your school or after you graduate. To obtain appropriate experience, try to look particularly for genetic laboratories.
2. Complete a master’s program.
With a master’s in genetics, one can work as a research geneticist. This two-year program includes molecular biology, genomes and chromosomes, DNA technologies, and genetics of various life forms as subject matter. A semester of practical clinical practice in a laboratory setting is typically included in programs as well.
A master’s in genetics can help you become a genetic counselor if you’re passionate about dealing with patients. These specialists assist patients in comprehending their genetic background and managing the risks connected to inherited disorders, much like a geneticist would.
3. Receive a Ph.D., D.O., M.D., or degree.
You require a doctorate in philosophy (Ph.D.), a medical degree (M.D. ), or a doctorate in osteopathic medicine (D.O.) to be eligible for more advanced job options. One of these three Ph.D. degrees is required to treat patients or conduct projects involving research and development.
For research roles, a Ph.D. is sufficient; for positions in medical research, an M.D. or D.O. M.D. D.O. is required for medical geneticist physicians that treat patients. A medical geneticist must complete four more years of residency after graduation from a recognized medical school to earn board certification. Operating as a forensic genetic pathologist for an authorized law enforcement organization is a different career option that necessitates the attainment of a medical degree.
4. Establish your unique needs
Various personality traits are required by geneticists based on their position. Laboratory geneticists must possess qualities like tenacity and critical thinking to follow logical informational chains and analyze massive volumes of data. Medical geneticists must possess qualities like compassion and empathy to speak to and comfort their patients. Consider your characteristics while determining whether to concentrate on research or patient care.
Skills for geneticists
Geneticists require a wide range of both hard and soft abilities, including:
- Time management: Geneticists must prioritize jobs and manage their time effectively to complete research projects by the deadlines.
- Problem-solving: Geneticists use experiments and data analysis to find answers to challenging scientific problems.
- Tenacity: Geneticists must be meticulous in their research and utilize trial-and-error techniques, thus it needs tenacity to keep researching and attempting new procedures.
- Mathematics: These specialists frequently use sophisticated formulae and calculations, and they must comprehend calculus, statistics, and general math.
- Interpersonal skills: Most geneticists lead and inspire their teams of colleagues while working with interdisciplinary teams toward a common objective.
- Critical thinking: Geneticists utilize judgment and logic to extrapolate inferences from the findings of their investigations.
- Communication: Written and verbal communications are crucial for geneticists since they must effectively interact with their team members, write reports, produce research papers, and deliver presentations.
- Dexterity: When conducting tests and scientific analysis, geneticists need to be precise and accurate. Dexterity is an important quality to develop because they might operate machinery that calls for exact movements.
What are the employment prospects for geneticists?
The BLS does not particularly provide information for geneticists, but it does provide statistics for biophysicists and biochemists who operate in the same field as geneticists and whose occupation frequently overlaps with geneticists. Biophysicists and biochemists can anticipate a job increase of 4% from 2019 to 2029, according to the BLS. The average rate of growth for all professions is faster than this growth rate.
How much money do geneticists make?
The price paid to a geneticist varies according to factors such as their level of education, experience, region, specialty, and employment market demand. The following income data doesn’t particularly apply to geneticists, although geneticists fall under these more general employment categories. The average annual pay for a scientist in the United States is $95,365, while that of a data scientist is $121,858.
17 genetics careers to help you select yours
With a genetics degree, you could work in the following fields:
1. Agronomic and food scientist
National average yearly salary: $103,238
Primary responsibilities: Improvements in food production are the main responsibility of agricultural and food scientists. Agricultural scientists do genetic studies on plants and explore the genetic influences on plants. On the other side, animal scientists investigate and analyze the genetics of cattle. Genetically modified organisms, or GMOs, can be created by agronomic and food scientists by altering plants or animals.
2. Research scientist
National average yearly wage: $111,744
Primary responsibilities: A research scientist is a specialist who plans and conducts experiments in a scientific field. Research scientists must analyze data, gather samples, communicate findings to other researchers, and write reports, research papers, or reviews. In addition to writing proposals and funding requests, research scientists might have to instruct or manage staff members like technicians.
3. Biologist
National average yearly salary: $80,761
Primary responsibilities: A biologist is a specialist who studies plant and animal life to understand how various species interact with one another and with their surroundings. The duties of biologists include gathering samples, making sketches, taking measurements, and observing species to comprehend how they interact with their environment and how they feed and behave. They conduct testing, experiments, and research. They document their findings and share them with other scientists so that they can explore potential steps to conserve the environment or a particular species.
4. Epidemiologist
National average yearly salary: $83,165
Primary responsibilities: An epidemiologist’s main responsibilities include researching the causes and distribution of human diseases. One of an epidemiologist’s responsibilities is to plan public health research projects to identify potential problems and prevention-related remedies. They must also gather data, analyze it, and communicate the findings to the public, medical professionals, and policymakers.
5. Scientific technician
National average yearly salary: $58,498
Primary responsibilities: A scientific technician supports research and helps enhance or innovate procedures and products by handling practical issues. Equipment setup, usage, and maintenance are handled by scientific technicians. They evaluate goods and make notes on their findings. Under the guidance of experts, they could create laboratory practices.
6. Medical scientist
National average yearly salary: $99,422
Primary responsibilities: The main responsibilities of a medical scientist are to research to learn more about human ailments and develop treatments.
To detect germs or look into the reasons for toxicity, chronic illnesses, or pathogens, medical scientists’ common tasks include preparing samples like cells, tissue, and organs and evaluating them. Additionally, they research cell structure and look for ways to avert illnesses.
7. Forensic science technician
National average yearly salary: $64,787
Primary responsibilities: A forensic science technician applies scientific understanding to an investigation to assist criminal investigators in eliminating suspects. Technicians in forensic science gather, evaluate, and interact with law enforcement regarding evidence. They occasionally must give testimony in court. They categorize, arrange the data, and document their conclusions. They might conduct studies to further forensic science.
8. Pharmacologist
National average yearly wage: $116,989
Primary responsibilities: A pharmacologist researches the effects of medications or chemicals on plants, humans, and animals. Pharmacologists study how chemicals affect cells and comprehend how medications are dissolved, absorbed, and transported within the body. To create drug regimens and avoid interactions, they examine drugs.
9. Lab technician
National average yearly wage: $51,076
Primary responsibilities: A lab technician is in charge of conducting experiments to evaluate hypotheses and creating laboratory tests. A laboratory technician’s responsibilities involve marking and examining specimens like bone or blood, accurately entering data, arranging chemical gases and fluids according to safety regulations, caring for the equipment, rigorously adhering to safety regulations, and maintaining a clean lab.
10. Academic researcher
National average yearly salary: $83,068
Primary responsibilities: An academic researcher does research in a particular field of expertise and produces studies, reports, or policy papers on the topic. It is the responsibility of academic researchers to make observations, examine data, analyze findings, and then compile their findings in written documentation.
11. DNA analyst
National average yearly wage: $57,242
Primary responsibilities: A DNA analyst is a specialist who prepares, examines, and interprets DNA. DNA analysts may be employed in the medical field or in a lab setting where they examine patients’ DNA to find hereditary disorders or do DNA tests like paternity tests. They may also find employment in law enforcement, where they compare DNA samples from suspects and crime sites. They are frequently called expert witnesses to testify.
12. A genetic advisor
National average yearly salary: $80,370
Primary responsibilities: A genetic counselor’s main responsibilities include assessing patient risk for hereditary genetic diseases and offering guidance and assistance. Healthcare providers are also informed by genetic counselors. In addition to reviewing patient histories and performing genetic tests and risk assessments, genetic counselors often educate patients about their problems and assist them.
13. Science journalist
National average yearly salary: $59,643
Primary responsibilities: A scientific writer produces and revises scientific papers for scientific magazines, books, websites, and other professional or trade media. Before writing their papers, scientists conduct research. Since their audience can include both professionals and laypeople, they have the writing skills to put dense scientific material into a document that is simple to read.
14. Graduate Assistant
National average yearly salary: $35,056
Primary responsibilities: A graduate assistant assists departments, professors, and students with a variety of tasks. Graduate assistants help professors with administrative duties and collaborate with them on research papers. They carry out research experiments and analyses as well as construct research procedures. Additionally, they teach classes, provide lectures, and plan occasions or celebrations on campus. When making hiring decisions, several departments may require or favor students who are presently enrolled in graduate programs.
15. Fellow
National average yearly wage: $46,125
Primary responsibilities: A fellow is a professional who seeks knowledge or experience in a fellowship with others. Participating in studies, coming up with research concepts, facilitating high-level meetings with undergraduates, postgraduate students, and Ph. D.s, and developing protocols are just a few of the obligations of a fellow. A fellow is often chosen for a fellowship from a large pool of applicants by demonstrating extraordinary potential in their chosen field through their educational aspirations or project research objectives.
16. Physician assistant
National average yearly salary: $105,884
Primary responsibilities: A physician assistant typically works under the guidance of a surgeon or doctor to evaluate and diagnose patients. Physician assistants help in surgery, diagnose ailments, write prescriptions for medication, arrange and interpret lab testing, and coach patients on healthy lifestyle choices.
17. Biomedical engineers
National average yearly salary: $85,171
Primary responsibilities: The main responsibilities of a biomedical engineer include device and equipment design. To identify medical conditions, biomedical engineers build devices and artificial organs. They set up, fixed, maintained, and offered technical assistance for biomedical devices.
The work environment for Geneticists
Geneticists work in a variety of settings, depending on their area of specialization and the nature of their work. They may work in research laboratories, universities, hospitals, government agencies, biotechnology companies, or pharmaceutical companies. The work environment for geneticists can vary, but it generally involves a combination of laboratory work, data analysis, and collaboration with other researchers and professionals.
In research laboratories, geneticists often spend a significant amount of time conducting experiments, analyzing data, and interpreting results. They may work with advanced laboratory equipment and technologies to study and manipulate genetic material. Collaboration with other researchers is common, as geneticists often work as part of a team to investigate specific research questions or projects.
Universities and academic institutions provide opportunities for geneticists to teach and mentor students, in addition to conducting research. They may be involved in designing and delivering coursework, supervising student research projects, and publishing scientific papers.
In healthcare settings, geneticists may work closely with physicians and other healthcare professionals to diagnose and treat genetic disorders. They may be involved in patient consultations, genetic counseling, and genetic testing. This work environment requires strong communication skills and the ability to effectively interact with patients and their families.
Government agencies, such as the National Institutes of Health (NIH) or the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), employ geneticists in research, policy development, and public health initiatives. They may be involved in studying the impact of genetic factors on public health, developing guidelines for genetic testing and screening, or conducting research to inform public health policies.
Overall, the work environment for geneticists can be intellectually stimulating and varied. It often involves a combination of laboratory work, research, data analysis, collaboration, and continuous learning. Geneticists may have the opportunity to make significant contributions to scientific knowledge, advance medical treatments, and improve the understanding and management of genetic diseases.
Conclusion
Becoming a geneticist requires dedication, passion, and a strong educational background. By pursuing a career in genetics, individuals have the opportunity to contribute to groundbreaking research, improve their understanding of genetic diseases, and make significant advancements in the field. The path to becoming a geneticist typically involves obtaining a bachelor’s degree in genetics or a related field, followed by a master’s degree and a Ph.D. in genetics or a specialized area of study. Additionally, gaining practical experience through internships or research positions is crucial for developing the necessary skills and knowledge.
Geneticists can work in various settings, including research laboratories, universities, healthcare facilities, and government agencies. With a growing interest in genetics and advancements in technology, the demand for skilled geneticists is expected to remain strong. By pursuing a career in genetics, individuals can make meaningful contributions to scientific discovery and positively impact the lives of individuals and families affected by genetic conditions.
Frequently Asked Questions for Geneticists
The following are some typical questions about geneticists:
- What different specialties are there in medical genetics?
Doctors that specialize in medical genetics treat and diagnose genetic disorders like hemophilia, lymphoma, leukemia, and other diseases brought on by DNA changes. Doctors of medicine can also pursue careers in laboratory research. The American Board of Medical Genetics certifies four different categories of medical geneticists:
- Clinical molecular genetics is a lab-based field that concentrates on DNA alterations.
- Clinical biochemical genetics is a lab-based discipline that focuses on metabolic inborn defects of metabolism.
- Clinical cytogenetics is a lab-based profession that focuses on chromosome abnormalities.
- Clinical genetics is a medical specialty with a focus on patient care and diagnosis.
- What kinds of geneticist positions are available for laboratory research?
Geneticists studying hereditary traits use data from experiments and analyses of genetic illnesses to inform their work. There are numerous varieties of laboratory research employment, including:
- Directors of genetic laboratories: These geneticists create disease-resistant animals, larger-growing crops, and medicinal therapies.
- Forensic geneticists: These scientists analyze DNA samples to find culprits for the police.
- Geneticists in academia and private research: These scientists solicit donations and submit grant applications to finance their initiatives.
- How much do genetic counselors make, and what are their employment prospects?
The BLS projects a 21% increase in employment for genetic counselors between 2019 and 2029. This growth rate is substantially higher than the overall average growth rate of 4%. The typical annual salary for genetic counselors in 2019 is $81,880, according to the BLS.
- What education is required to become a geneticist?
To become a geneticist, you typically need a minimum of a bachelor’s degree in genetics, biology, or a related field. However, most positions in genetic research or academia require advanced degrees, such as a master’s or doctoral degree in genetics or a related discipline. These advanced degrees provide the specialized knowledge and research experience necessary for a career as a geneticist.
- What skills are important to become a geneticist?
To excel as a geneticist, several skills are essential. Strong analytical and critical thinking skills are necessary to interpret complex data and draw meaningful conclusions. Proficiency in laboratory techniques, including DNA sequencing, genetic manipulation, and data analysis software, is crucial. Effective communication skills are important to convey research findings, collaborate with colleagues, and provide genetic counseling to patients. Additionally, attention to detail, problem-solving abilities, and a passion for lifelong learning are valuable traits for aspiring geneticists.